TONIC HEALTH UNDERSTANDS THE SCIENCE OF IMMUNITY

Tonic Health uses the latest science and literature to create optimal solutions for immune health and support. The team aim to stay at the forefront of the latest clinical research and science in order to ensure our products deliver max strength immune support and maximum effectiveness for when you need it most. 

We feel it important to constantly evolve, to accept and adapt to the challenges modern life throws at us rather than bury our heads in the sand or offer false promises based on outdated beliefs. 

Science is constantly evolving all the time and to this day there is still more to understand and learn about the complexities of our immune system. Here is the list of science, journals and articles that we have used to inform our product development and choices. 

Vitamin C scientific research

• Levy R., Schlaeffer F. Successful treatment of a patient with recurrent furunculosis by vitamin C: Improvement of clinical course and of impaired neutrophil functions. Int. J. Dermatol. 1993;32:832–834.
• University of Helsinki. "Larger doses of vitamin C may lead to a greater reduction in common cold duration." ScienceDaily. 30 March 2017. 
• Sharma P., Raghavan S.A., Saini R., Dikshit M. Ascorbate-mediated enhancement of reactive oxygen species generation from polymorphonuclear leukocytes: Modulatory effect of nitric oxide. J. Leukoc. Biol.
• Mohammed B.M., Fisher B.J., Kraskauskas D., Farkas D., Brophy D.F., Fowler A.A., Natarajan R. Vitamin C: A novel regulator of neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Nutrients. 2013;5:3131–3151
• Kennes B., Dumont I., Brohee D., Hubert C., Neve P. Effect of vitamin C supplements on cell-mediated immunity in old people. Gerontology. 1983;29:305–310
• Hodges R.E., Hood J., Canham J.E., Sauberlich H.E., Baker E.M. Clinical manifestations of ascorbic acid deficiency in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1971;24:432–443
• Hemila H. Vitamin C and Infections. Nutrients. 2017;9:339

Vitamin D scientific research

• Laaksi I, et al. An association of serum vitamin D concentrations < 40 nmol/L with acute respiratory tract infection in young Finnish men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(3):714–7
• Bikle D. Nonclassic actions of vitamin D. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(1):26–34.
• Baeke F, Takiishi T, Korf H, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. Vitamin D: modulator of the immune system. Curr Opin Pharmacol. (2010) 10:482–96.
• Chottker B, Jorde R, Peasey A, Thorand B, Jansen EH, Groot L, et al. Vitamin D and mortality: meta-analysis of individual participant data from a large consortium of cohort studies from Europe and the United States. BMJ. (2014) 348:g3656.
• Louise Saul, Iris Mair, Alasdair Ivens, Pamela Brown, Kay Samuel, John D. M. Campbell, Daniel Y. Soong, Nadine Kamenjarin, Richard J. Mellanby. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Restrains CD4 T Cell Priming Ability of CD11c Dendritic Cells by Upregulating Expression of CD31. Frontiers in Immunology, 2019; 10

Zinc scientific research

• Gammoh N.Z., Rink L. Zinc in infection and inflammation. Nutrients. 2017;9
• Jarosz M, Olbert M, Wyszogrodzka G, Młyniec K, Librowski T. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc. Zinc-dependent NF-κB signaling. Inflammopharmacology. 2017 Feb;25(1):11-2
• Yu M., Lee W.W., Tomar D., Pryshchep S., Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M., Lamar D.L., Li G., Singh K., Tian L., Weyand C.M., et al. Regulation of T cell receptor signaling by activation-induced zinc influx. J. Exp. Med. 2011;208:775–785.
• Sunderman F.W., Jr. The influence of zinc on apoptosis. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 1995;25:134–142.
• Maggini S, Beveridge S, Suter M. A combination of high-dose vitamin C plus zinc for the common cold. J Int Med Res. 2012;40(1):28-42

Elderberry scientific research

• Sidor A., Gramza-Michałowska A. Advanced research on the antioxidant and health benefit of elderberry (Sambucus nigra) in food—A review. J. Funct. Foods. 2014;18B:941–958

• Barak V, Halperin T, Kalickman I.The effect of Sambucol, a black elderberry-based, natural product, on the production of human cytokines: I. Inflammatory cytokines. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2001 Apr-Jun;12(2):290-6

• Vlachojannis JE, Cameron M, Chrubasik S. A systematic review on the sambuci fructus effect and efficacy profiles. Phytother Res. 2010 Jan;24(1):1-8

• Elderberry Supplementation Reduces Cold Duration and Symptoms in Air-Travellers: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Tiralongo E, Wee SS, Lea RA. Nutrients. 2016 Mar 24;8(4):182.

• Randomized study of the efficacy and safety of oral elderberry extract in the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. Zakay-Rones Z, Thom E, Wollan T, Wadstein J. J Int Med Res. 2004 Mar-Apr;32(2):132-40.

Ginger scientific research

• Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of ginger in health and physical activity: review of current evidence. Mashhadi NS, Ghiasvand R, Askari G, Hariri M, Darvishi L, Mofid MR. Int J Prev Med. 2013 Apr;4(Suppl 1):S36-42.
• Connecting the immune system, systemic chronic inflammation and the gut microbiome: The role of sex.Rizzetto L et al. J Autoimmun. (2018)
• J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Apr 21;105(1-2):301-5. Epub 2005 Dec 9.
• The modulatory effects of the volatile oil of ginger on the cellular immune response in vitro and in vivo in mice. Zhou HL¹, Deng YM, Xie QM.
• Tripathi, Sudipta; Bruch, David; Kittur, Dilip  Ginger extract inhibits LPS induced macrophage activation and function SBMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Jan 3, 2008, Vol. 8, 1

Honey scientific research

• Wounds. 2014 Feb;26(2):47-54.

• Antiviral Activities of Honey, Royal Jelly, and Acyclovir Against HSV-1.Hashemipour MA¹,Tavakolineghad Z²,Arabzadeh SA³,Iranmanesh Z³,Nassab SA⁴.
• J Contemp Dent Pract.2017 Nov 1;18(11):1004-1008.
• Antimicrobial Effect of Ginger, Garlic, Honey, and Lemon Extracts on Streptococcus mutans. Mathai K¹,Anand S²,Aravind A³,Dinatius  P⁴,Krishnan AV⁵,Mathai M⁶.
• FASEB J.2010 Jul;24(7):2576-82. doi: 10.1096/fj.09-150789. Epub 2010 Mar 12.
• How honey kills bacteria. Kwakman PH¹,te Velde AA,de Boer L,Speijer D,Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM,Zaat SA.
• Tonks A. J., Dudley E., Porter N. G., et al. A 5.8-kDa component of manuka honey stimulates immune cells via TLR4. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2007;82(5):1147–1155.
• Tomblin V., Ferguson L. R., Han D. Y., Murray P., Schlothauer R. Potential pathway of anti-inflammatory effect by New Zealand honeys. International Journal of General Medicine. 2014;7:149–158

Blackcurrant scientific research

• Berry anthocyanins suppress the expression and secretion of proinflammatory mediators in macrophages by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-κB independent of NRF2-mediated mechanism. Lee SG, Kim B, Yang Y, Pham TX, Park YK, Manatou J, Koo SI, Chun OK, Lee JY. J Nutr Biochem. 2014 Apr;25(4)
• Lyall, K. A., Hurst, S.M.,Cooney, J.,Jensen, D.,Lo, K., Hurst, R.D., Stevenson L. M. Short-term blackcurrant extract consumption modulates exercise-induced oxidative stress and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory responses. AM J PHYSIOL REGUL INTEGR COMP PHYSIOL 2009, 297: 70-81
• Anti-influenza virus activity of two extracts of the blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) from New Zealand and Poland. Ikuta K, Mizuta K, Suzutani T. Fukushima J Med Sci. 2013;59(1):35-8